VIRT-WHAT(1)

NAME
virt-what - detect if we are running in a virtual machine

SUMMARY
virt-what [options]

DESCRIPTION
"virt-what" is a shell script which can be used to detect if the program is running in a virtual machine.

The program prints out a list of "facts" about the virtual machine, derived from heuristics. One fact is printed per line.

If nothing is printed and the script exits with code 0 (no error), then it can mean either that the program is running on bare-metal or the program is running inside a type of virtual machine which we don't know about or cannot detect.

FACTS

alibaba_cloud
alibaba_cloud-ebm
    This is a cloud computing service based on Alibaba Cloud.

    Status: contributed by Weisson.

aws Amazon Web Services.

    Note that virt-what will print this fact for baremetal AWS instances, which you might not consider to be true virtualization. In this case other facts (eg. "kvm" or "xen") would not be present.

    Status: contributed by Qi Guo, Vitaly Kuznetsov, confirmed by RWMJ.

bhyve
    This is a bhyve (FreeBSD hypervisor) guest.

    Status: contributed by Leonardo Brondani Schenkel.

crio
    The guest is running in a CRI-O container.

    Status: suggested by Alessandro Taufer, confirmed by RWMJ & Xiaodai Wang

docker
    This is a Docker container.

    Status: confirmed by Charles Nguyen

google_cloud
    This is running on Google Cloud Platform / Google Compute Engine.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

hyperv
    This is Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

ibm_power-kvm
    This is an IBM POWER KVM guest.

    Status: contributed by Adrian Likins.

ibm_power-lpar_shared
ibm_power-lpar_dedicated
    This is an IBM POWER LPAR (hardware partition) in either shared or dedicated mode.

    Status: contributed by Adrian Likins.

ibm_systemz
    This is an IBM SystemZ (or other S/390) hardware partitioning system. Additional facts listed below may also be printed.

ibm_systemz-direct
    This is Linux running directly on an IBM SystemZ hardware partitioning system.

    This is expected to be a highly unusual configuration - if you see this result you should treat it with suspicion.

    Status: not confirmed

ibm_systemz-lpar
    This is Linux running directly on an LPAR on an IBM SystemZ hardware partitioning system.

    Status: confirmed by Thomas Huth

ibm_systemz-zvm
    This is a z/VM guest running in an LPAR on an IBM SystemZ hardware partitioning system.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ using a Fedora guest running in z/VM

ibm_systemz-kvm
    This is a KVM guest running on an IBM System Z hardware system.

    Status: contributed by Thomas Huth

illumos-lx
    The guest is running on Illumos with a Linux syscall emulation layer.

    Status: contributed by Steve Mokris

ldoms
    The guest appears to be running on a Linux SPARC system with Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) support.

    Status: contributed by Darren Kenny

ldoms-control
    The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) control domain.

    Status: contributed by Darren Kenny

ldoms-guest
    The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) guest domain.

    Status: contributed by Darren Kenny

ldoms-io
    The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) I/O domain.

    Status: contributed by Darren Kenny

ldoms-root
    The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) Root domain.

    Status: contributed by Darren Kenny

linux_vserver
    This is printed for backwards compatibility with older virt-what which could not distinguish between a Linux VServer container guest and host.

linux_vserver-guest
    This process is running in a Linux VServer container.

    Status: contributed by BarXX Metin

linux_vserver-host
    This process is running as the Linux VServer host (VxID 0).

    Status: contributed by BarXX Metin and Elan Ruusamaee

lxc This process is running in a Linux LXC container.

    Status: contributed by Marc Fournier

kvm This guest is running on the KVM hypervisor using hardware acceleration.

    Note that if the hypervisor is using software acceleration you should not see this, but should see the "qemu" fact instead.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ.

lkvm
    This guest is running on the KVM hypervisor using hardware acceleration, and the userspace component of the hypervisor is lkvm (a.k.a kvmtool).

    Status: contributed by Andrew Jones

nutanix_ahv
    The guest is running inside Nutanix Acropolis Hypervisor (AHV).

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ.

oci The guest is running in an OCI container.

    Status: contributed by Alessandro Valentini, confirmed by RWMJ

openvz
    The guest appears to be running inside an OpenVZ or Virtuozzo container.

    Status: contributed by Evgeniy Sokolov

ovirt
    The guest is running on an oVirt node. (See also "rhev" below).

    Status: contributed by RWMJ, not confirmed

parallels
    The guest is running inside Parallels Virtual Platform (Parallels Desktop, Parallels Server).

    Status: contributed by Justin Clift

podman
    This is a Podman container. (See also "oci" above.)

    Status: contributed by Jordan Webb

powervm_lx86
    The guest is running inside IBM PowerVM Lx86 Linux/x86 emulator.

    Status: data originally supplied by Jeffrey Scheel, confirmed by Yufang Zhang and RWMJ

qemu
    This is QEMU hypervisor using software emulation.

    Note that for KVM (hardware accelerated) guests you should not see this.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ.

rhev
    The guest is running on a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV) node.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

redhat
    The guest is running on the Red Hat hypervisor.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

uml This is a User-Mode Linux (UML) guest.

    Status: contributed by Laurent Leonard

upcloud
    This is running on UpCloud.

    Status: contributed by Ville Skyttae

virt
    Some sort of virtualization appears to be present, but we are not sure what it is. In some very rare corner cases where we know that virtualization is hard to detect, we will try a timing attack to see if certain machine instructions are running much more slowly than they should be, which would indicate virtualization. In this case, the generic fact "virt" is printed.

virtage
    This is Hitachi Virtualization Manager (HVM) Virtage hardware partitioning system.

    Status: data supplied by Bhavna Sarathy, not confirmed

virtualbox
    This is a VirtualBox guest.

    Status: contributed by Laurent Leonard

virtualpc
    The guest appears to be running on Microsoft VirtualPC.

    Status: not confirmed

vmm This is a vmm (OpenBSD hypervisor) guest.

    Status: contributed by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse.

vmware
    The guest appears to be running on VMware hypervisor.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

xen The guest appears to be running on Xen hypervisor.

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

xen-dom0
    This is the Xen dom0 (privileged domain).

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

xen-domU
    This is a Xen domU (paravirtualized guest domain).

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

xen-hvm
    This is a Xen guest fully virtualized (HVM).

    Status: confirmed by RWMJ

EXIT STATUS
Programs that use or wrap "virt-what" should check that the exit status is 0 before they attempt to parse the output of the command.

A non-zero exit status indicates some error, for example, an unrecognized command line argument. If the exit status is non-zero then the output "facts" (if any were printed) cannot be guaranteed and should be ignored.

The exit status does not have anything to do with whether the program is running on baremetal or under virtualization, nor with whether "virt-what" managed detection "correctly" (which is basically unknowable given the large variety of virtualization systems out there and that some systems deliberately emulate others).

RUNNING VIRT-WHAT FROM OTHER PROGRAMS
"virt-what" is designed so that you can easily run it from other programs or wrap it up in a library.

Your program should check the exit status (see the section above).

Some programming languages (notably Python: issue 1652) erroneously mask the "SIGPIPE" signal and do not restore it when executing subprocesses. "virt-what" is a shell script and some shell commands do not work correctly when you do this. You may see warnings from "virt-what" similar to this:

 echo: write error: Broken pipe

The solution is to set the "SIGPIPE" signal handler back to "SIG_DFL" before running "virt-what".

IMPORTANT NOTE
Most of the time, using this program is the wrong thing to do. Instead you should detect the specific features you actually want to use. (As an example, if you wanted to issue Xen hypervisor commands you would look for the "/proc/xen/privcmd" file).

However people keep asking for this, so we provide it. There are a few legitimate uses:

Bug reporting tool
    If you think that virtualization could affect how your program runs, then you might use "virt-what" to report this in a bug reporting tool.

Status display and monitoring tools
    You might include this information in status and monitoring programs.

System tuning (sometimes)
    You might use this program to tune an operating system so it runs better as a virtual machine of a particular hypervisor. However if installing paravirtualized drivers, it's better to check for the specific features your drivers need (eg. for the presence of PCI devices).

SEE ALSO
virt-what-cvm(1), <http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/virt-what/>, <http://www.vmware.com/>, <http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/winfamily/virtualpc>, <http://xensource.com/>, <http://bellard.org/qemu/>, <http://kvm.qumranet.com/>, <http://openvz.org/>

AUTHORS
Richard W.M. Jones <rjones @ redhat . com>

COPYRIGHT
(C) Copyright 2008-2024 Red Hat Inc., <http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/virt-what/>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

REPORTING BUGS
Bugs can be viewed on the Red Hat Bugzilla page: <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/>.

If you find a bug in virt-what, please follow these steps to report it:

1. Check for existing bug reports
    Go to <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/> and search for similar bugs. Someone may already have reported the same bug, and they may even have fixed it.

2. Capture debug and error messages
    Run

     virt-what > virt-what.log 2>&1

    and keep virt-what.log. It may contain error messages which you should submit with your bug report.

3. Get version of virt-what.
    Run

     virt-what --version

4. Submit a bug report.
    Go to <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/> and enter a new bug. Please describe the problem in as much detail as possible.

    Remember to include the version numbers (step 3) and the debug messages file (step 2) and as much other detail as possible.

5. Assign the bug to rjones @ redhat.com
    Assign or reassign the bug to rjones @ redhat.com (without the spaces). You can also send me an email with the bug number if you want a faster response.